Morphology of Fanaroff-Riley Jets and its plasma properties

Extragalactic jets are broadly classified into two categories 
based on radio observations: core-brightened jets, known as 
Fanaroff-Riley Type I (FR I), and edge-brightened jets, classified as 
Type II (FR II). This FR dichotomy may arise due to variation in the 
ambient medium and/or the properties of the jet itself, such as 
injection speed, temperature, composition, magnetization, etc. To 
investigate this, we perform large-scale three-dimensional 
magnetohydrodynamic (3D-MHD) simulations of low-power, supersonic jets 
extending to kiloparsec scales. We inject a jet beam carrying an 
initially toroidal magnetic field into a denser, unmagnetized, and 
stratified ambient medium through a cylindrical nozzle. Our simulations 
explore jets with varying injection parameters to investigate their 
impact on morphology and emission properties. Furthermore, we examine 
jets with significantly different plasma compositions, such as hadronic 
and mixed electron-positron-proton configurations, to study the 
conditions that may drive transitions between FR I and FR II 
morphologies. We find that, under the same injection parameters, mixed 
plasma composition jets tend to evolve into FR I structures. In 
contrast, electron-proton jets exhibit a transition between FR I and FR 
II morphologies at different stages of their evolution.